2024 Fine tuning

You can customize GPT-3 for your application with one command and use it immediately in our API: openai api fine_tunes.create -t. See how. It takes less than 100 examples to start seeing the benefits of fine-tuning GPT-3 and performance continues to improve as you add more data. In research published last June, we showed how fine-tuning with .... All time doubles leaders

And this is the code for fine-tuning and resuming from the last epoch: # Train the model again for a few epochs fine_tune_epochs = 5 total_epochs = initial_epochs + fine_tune_epochs history_tuned = model.fit (train_set, validation_data = dev_set, initial_epoch=history.epoch [-1], epochs=total_epochs,verbose=1, callbacks=callbacks) The problem ...This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. The fine-tuning argument is a modern, up-to-date version of this argument. It takes off from something that serious physicists, religious or not, tend to agree on. Here’s how Freeman Dyson put it: "There are many . . . lucky accidents in physics. Without such accidents, water could not exist as liquid, chains of carbon atoms could not form ...This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.Jan 14, 2015 · List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay W. Richards. January 14, 2015. Intelligent Design, Research & Analysis. Download PDF. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the ... If you provide this file, the data is used to generate validation metrics periodically during fine-tuning. These metrics can be viewed in the fine-tuning results file. The same data should not be present in both train and validation files. Your dataset must be formatted as a JSONL file. You must upload your file with the purpose fine-tune.Fine-tuning is an easy concept to understand in principle. Imagine that I asked to you pick a number between 1 and 1,000,000. You could choose anything you want, so go ahead, do it.Fine-tuning a pre-trained language model (LM) has become the de facto standard for doing transfer learning in natural language processing. Over the last three years (Ruder, 2018), fine-tuning (Howard & Ruder, 2018) has superseded the use of feature extraction of pre-trained embeddings (Peters et al., 2018) while pre-trained language models are favoured over models trained on translation ...Jan 31, 2021 · Fine-Tune for Any Language. With NERDAyou can also fine-tune a transformer for any language e.g. using your own data set with ease. To fine-tune a transformer for NER in Danish, we can utilize the DaNE data set consisting of Danish sentences with NER annotations. All you would have to change in the former code example to achieve this is simply: This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay W. Richards. January 14, 2015. Intelligent Design, Research & Analysis. Download PDF. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the ...Fine-tuning MobileNet on a custom data set with TensorFlow's Keras API. In this episode, we'll be building on what we've learned about MobileNet combined with the techniques we've used for fine-tuning to fine-tune MobileNet for a custom image data set. When we previously demonstrated the idea of fine-tuning in earlier episodes, we used the cat ... Research on fine tuning involves investigating what ingredients are actually necessary for life to evolve. For example, one claim is that the masses of subatomic particles are precisely tuned to allow atoms to remain stable — an essential condition for the chemistry of life. Physicists have also discovered evidence of fine tuning to some ...Overview. Although many settings within the SAP solution are predefined to allow business processes to run out-of-the-box, fine-tuning must be performed to further adjust the system settings to support specific business requirements. The activity list provides the list of activities that must be performed based on the defined scope.This tutorial focuses on how to fine-tune Stable Diffusion using another method called Dreambooth. Unlike textual inversion method which train just the embedding without modification to the base model, Dreambooth fine-tune the whole text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with a specific concept (object or style). As ...The Fine-Tuning Design Argument A Scientific Argument for the Existence of God Robin Collins September 1, 1998 Intelligent Design I. Introduction The Evidence of Fine-tuning 1. Suppose we went on a mission to Mars, and found a domed structure in which everything was set up just right for life to exist.Fine-Tuning: Unfreeze a few of the top layers of a frozen model base and jointly train both the newly-added classifier layers and the last layers of the base model. This allows us to "fine-tune" the higher-order feature representations in the base model in order to make them more relevant for the specific task.Fine-tuning for the stylistic continuation tasks is sample efficient: 5,000 human samples suffice for strong performance according to humans. For summarization, models trained with 60,000 comparisons learn to copy whole sentences from the input while skipping irrelevant preamble; this copying is an easy way to ensure accurate summaries, but may ...This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Jan 4, 2022 · The fine-tuning argument is a specific application of the teleological argument for the existence of God. A teleological argument seeks to demonstrate that the appearance of purpose or design is itself evidence of a designer. The counter to such a claim suggests that what “appears” to be designed is simply random coincidence. This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Training Overview ¶. Training Overview. Each task is unique, and having sentence / text embeddings tuned for that specific task greatly improves the performance. SentenceTransformers was designed in such way that fine-tuning your own sentence / text embeddings models is easy. It provides most of the building blocks that you can stick together ...Apr 27, 2020 · In this tutorial you learned how to fine-tune ResNet with Keras and TensorFlow. Fine-tuning is the process of: Taking a pre-trained deep neural network (in this case, ResNet) Removing the fully-connected layer head from the network. Placing a new, freshly initialized layer head on top of the body of the network. fine-tune definition: 1. to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible: 2. to…. Learn more. Feb 14, 2023 · Fine-tuning CLIP. To improve CLIP’s performance on the extraction of product features, we fine-tuned CLIP for the domain of product images. In order to fine-tune CLIP, multiple tests were done ... Apr 21, 2023 · berkecanrizai commented on Apr 20. Model. RAM. lambada (ppl) lambada (acc) hellaswag (acc_norm) winogrande (acc) Nov 15, 2022 · This tutorial focuses on how to fine-tune Stable Diffusion using another method called Dreambooth. Unlike textual inversion method which train just the embedding without modification to the base model, Dreambooth fine-tune the whole text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with a specific concept (object or style). As ... Feb 11, 2023 · ChatGPT Fine-tuning은 특정 작업이나 도메인에 특화된 추가 학습 데이터를 사용하여 사전 학습된 언어 모델의 매개 변수를 업데이트하는 프로세스를 말합니다. ChatGPT는 웹 페이지, 책, 기타 문서 등 방대한 양의 일반 텍스트 데이터로 학습하여 언어의 패턴과 구조를 ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Oct 26, 2022 · Simply put, the idea is to supervise the fine-tuning process with the model’s own generated samples of the class noun. In practice, this means having the model fit our images and the images sampled from the visual prior of the non-fine-tuned class simultaneously. These prior-preserving images are sampled and labeled using the [class noun ... Research on fine tuning involves investigating what ingredients are actually necessary for life to evolve. For example, one claim is that the masses of subatomic particles are precisely tuned to allow atoms to remain stable — an essential condition for the chemistry of life. Physicists have also discovered evidence of fine tuning to some ...Fine-tuning may refer to: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning (physics) See also Tuning (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fine-tuning. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.You can customize GPT-3 for your application with one command and use it immediately in our API: openai api fine_tunes.create -t. See how. It takes less than 100 examples to start seeing the benefits of fine-tuning GPT-3 and performance continues to improve as you add more data. In research published last June, we showed how fine-tuning with ...Fine-tuning CLIP. To improve CLIP’s performance on the extraction of product features, we fine-tuned CLIP for the domain of product images. In order to fine-tune CLIP, multiple tests were done ...Overview. Although many settings within the SAP solution are predefined to allow business processes to run out-of-the-box, fine-tuning must be performed to further adjust the system settings to support specific business requirements. The activity list provides the list of activities that must be performed based on the defined scope.Fine-tuning for the stylistic continuation tasks is sample efficient: 5,000 human samples suffice for strong performance according to humans. For summarization, models trained with 60,000 comparisons learn to copy whole sentences from the input while skipping irrelevant preamble; this copying is an easy way to ensure accurate summaries, but may ...Feb 24, 2021 · Fine-tuning a pre-trained language model (LM) has become the de facto standard for doing transfer learning in natural language processing. Over the last three years (Ruder, 2018), fine-tuning (Howard & Ruder, 2018) has superseded the use of feature extraction of pre-trained embeddings (Peters et al., 2018) while pre-trained language models are favoured over models trained on translation ... History. In 1913, the chemist Lawrence Joseph Henderson wrote The Fitness of the Environment, one of the first books to explore fine tuning in the universe. Henderson discusses the importance of water and the environment to living things, pointing out that life depends entirely on Earth's very specific environmental conditions, especially the prevalence and properties of water.Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjusting fine-tuning（ファインチューニング）とは、機械学習モデルを特定のタスクやデータセットに対してより適切に動作させるために、既存の学習済みモデルを少し調整するプロセスです。. 機械学習の分野では、大規模なデータセットで事前に訓練されたモデル ...When the fine-tune job succeeds, the value of the fine_tuned_model variable in the response body of the FineTune.retrieve() method is set to the name of your customized model. Your model is now also available for discovery from the list Models API. However, you can't issue completion calls to your customized model until your customized model is ...fine-tune definition: 1. to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible: 2. to…. Learn more.The process of transfer learning involves using a pre-trained model as a starting point, and fine-tuning involves further training the pre-trained model on the new task by updating its weights. By leveraging the knowledge gained through transfer learning and fine-tuning, the training process can be improved and made faster compared to starting ...Dec 18, 2020 · List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay Richards, PhD. Science. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the laws of nature or the numerical constants present in those ... The v1-finetune.yaml file is meant for object-based fine-tuning. For style-based fine-tuning, you should use v1-finetune_style.yaml as the config file. Recommend to create a backup of the config files in case you messed up the configuration. The default configuration requires at least 20GB VRAM for training.There are three main workflows for using deep learning within ArcGIS: Inferencing with existing, pretrained deep learning packages (dlpks) Fine-tuning an existing model. Training a deep learning model from scratch. For a detailed guide on the first workflow, using the pretrained models, see Deep Learning with ArcGIS Pro Tips & Tricks Part 2.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "fine tune", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue.Feb 24, 2021 · Fine-tuning a pre-trained language model (LM) has become the de facto standard for doing transfer learning in natural language processing. Over the last three years (Ruder, 2018), fine-tuning (Howard & Ruder, 2018) has superseded the use of feature extraction of pre-trained embeddings (Peters et al., 2018) while pre-trained language models are favoured over models trained on translation ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Fine-tuning doesn't need to imply a fine-tuner, but rather that there was a physical mechanism underlying why something appears finely-tuned today. The effect may look like an unlikely coincidence ...List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay W. Richards. January 14, 2015. Intelligent Design, Research & Analysis. Download PDF. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the ...The Fine-Tuning Argument Neil A. Manson* The University of Mississippi Abstract The Fine-Tuning Argument (FTA) is a variant of the Design Argument for the existence of God. In this paper the evidence of fine-tuning is explained and the Fine-Tuning Design Argument for God is presented. Then two objections are covered.Apr 26, 2020 · Transfer Learning and Fine-tuning is one of the important methods to make big-scale model with a small amount of data. Usually, deep learning model needs a massive amount of data for training. But ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ... Feb 24, 2021 · Fine-tuning a pre-trained language model (LM) has become the de facto standard for doing transfer learning in natural language processing. Over the last three years (Ruder, 2018), fine-tuning (Howard & Ruder, 2018) has superseded the use of feature extraction of pre-trained embeddings (Peters et al., 2018) while pre-trained language models are favoured over models trained on translation ... Fine-tuning Techniques. Below are some general guidelines for fine-tuning implementation: 1. The common practice is to truncate the last layer (softmax layer) of the pre-trained network and replace it with our new softmax layer that are relevant to our own problem. For example, pre-trained network on ImageNet comes with a softmax layer with ...Fine-tuning MobileNet on a custom data set with TensorFlow's Keras API. In this episode, we'll be building on what we've learned about MobileNet combined with the techniques we've used for fine-tuning to fine-tune MobileNet for a custom image data set. When we previously demonstrated the idea of fine-tuning in earlier episodes, we used the cat ...There are three main workflows for using deep learning within ArcGIS: Inferencing with existing, pretrained deep learning packages (dlpks) Fine-tuning an existing model. Training a deep learning model from scratch. For a detailed guide on the first workflow, using the pretrained models, see Deep Learning with ArcGIS Pro Tips & Tricks Part 2.Nov 15, 2022 · This tutorial focuses on how to fine-tune Stable Diffusion using another method called Dreambooth. Unlike textual inversion method which train just the embedding without modification to the base model, Dreambooth fine-tune the whole text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with a specific concept (object or style). As ... Fine tuning is a metaphor derived from music and mechanics that is used to describe apparently improbable combinations of attributes governing physical systems. The term is commonly applied to the idea that our universe’s fundamental physical constants are uniquely and inexplicably suited to the evolution of intelligent life.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.We will call this model the generator. Fine-tune an ada binary classifier to rate each completion for truthfulness based on a few hundred to a thousand expert labelled examples, predicting “ yes” or “ no”. Alternatively, use a generic pre-built truthfulness and entailment model we trained. We will call this model the discriminator. Fine-Tune for Any Language. With NERDAyou can also fine-tune a transformer for any language e.g. using your own data set with ease. To fine-tune a transformer for NER in Danish, we can utilize the DaNE data set consisting of Danish sentences with NER annotations. All you would have to change in the former code example to achieve this is simply:In this article, we will be fine tuning the YOLOv7 object detection model on a real-world pothole detection dataset. Benchmarked on the COCO dataset, the YOLOv7 tiny model achieves more than 35% mAP and the YOLOv7 (normal) model achieves more than 51% mAP. It is also equally important that we get good results when fine tuning such a state-of ...Dec 18, 2020 · List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay Richards, PhD. Science. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the laws of nature or the numerical constants present in those ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. fine-tune [sth] ⇒ vtr. figurative (refine) ritoccare ⇒, mettere a punto, affinare ⇒ vtr. The basic process is good but we'll need to fine-tune it a bit as we go along. Il processo di base va bene, ma dovremo ritoccarlo strada facendo. fine-tune [sth] vtr. (adjust precisely) regolare ⇒ vtr. Fine-Tuning First published Tue Aug 22, 2017; substantive revision Fri Nov 12, 2021 The term “ fine-tuning ” is used to characterize sensitive dependences of facts or properties on the values of certain parameters. Technological devices are paradigmatic examples of fine-tuning.persuaded by additional examples of fine-tuning. In addition to initial conditions, there are a number of other, well-known features about the universe that are apparently just brute facts. And these too exhibit a high degree of fine-tuning. Among the fine-tuned (apparently) “brute facts” of nature are the following:fine-tune definition: 1. to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible: 2. to…. Learn more.Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjustingfine-tuning（ファインチューニング）とは、機械学習モデルを特定のタスクやデータセットに対してより適切に動作させるために、既存の学習済みモデルを少し調整するプロセスです。. 機械学習の分野では、大規模なデータセットで事前に訓練されたモデル ...fine-tuned: [adjective] precisely adjusted for the highest level of performance, efficiency, or effectiveness. Aug 1, 2020 · Meanwhile, the fine-tuning is just as easily explained by postulating God, and we have independent evidence for God’s existence, like the origin of biological information, the sudden appearance of animal body plans, the argument from consciousness, and so on. Even if the naturalists could explain the fine-tuning, they would still have a lot ... Jul 24, 2023 · A last, optional step, is fine-tuning, which consists of unfreezing the entire model you obtained above (or part of it), and re-training it on the new data with a very low learning rate. This can potentially achieve meaningful improvements, by incrementally adapting the pretrained features to the new data.

Let’s see how we can do this on the fly during fine-tuning using a special data collator. Fine-tuning DistilBERT with the Trainer API Fine-tuning a masked language model is almost identical to fine-tuning a sequence classification model, like we did in Chapter 3. The only difference is that we need a special data collator that can randomly ... . Candc oilfield services

Sep 25, 2015 · September 25, 2015. The appearance of fine-tuning in our universe has been observed by theists and atheists alike. Even physicist Paul Davies (who is agnostic when it comes to the notion of a Divine Designer) readily stipulates, “Everyone agrees that the universe looks as if it was designed for life.”. Oxford philosopher John Leslie agrees ... In this article, we will be fine tuning the YOLOv7 object detection model on a real-world pothole detection dataset. Benchmarked on the COCO dataset, the YOLOv7 tiny model achieves more than 35% mAP and the YOLOv7 (normal) model achieves more than 51% mAP. It is also equally important that we get good results when fine tuning such a state-of ...Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ... Jan 31, 2021 · Fine-Tune for Any Language. With NERDAyou can also fine-tune a transformer for any language e.g. using your own data set with ease. To fine-tune a transformer for NER in Danish, we can utilize the DaNE data set consisting of Danish sentences with NER annotations. All you would have to change in the former code example to achieve this is simply: Let’s see how we can do this on the fly during fine-tuning using a special data collator. Fine-tuning DistilBERT with the Trainer API Fine-tuning a masked language model is almost identical to fine-tuning a sequence classification model, like we did in Chapter 3. The only difference is that we need a special data collator that can randomly ...Meanwhile, the fine-tuning is just as easily explained by postulating God, and we have independent evidence for God’s existence, like the origin of biological information, the sudden appearance of animal body plans, the argument from consciousness, and so on. Even if the naturalists could explain the fine-tuning, they would still have a lot ...This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Apr 5, 2019 · Fine-tuning doesn't need to imply a fine-tuner, but rather that there was a physical mechanism underlying why something appears finely-tuned today. The effect may look like an unlikely coincidence ... Fine-tuning is arguably the most widely used approach for transfer learning when working with deep learning mod-els. It starts with a pre-trained model on the source task and trains it further on the target task. For computer vision tasks, it is a common practice to work with ImageNet pre-trainedmodelsforﬁne-tuning[20]. ComparedwithtrainingTL;DR. This link provides the code repository that contains two readily downloadable fine-tuned GPT-2 weights, a quick start guide of how to customize Autocoder, and a list of future pointers to this project. Although this blog looks like a technical introduction to Autocoder, I also by the way talk about a lot of relevant stuff, such as nice work, status quo, and future directions in NLP.Fine-tuning is a way of applying or utilizing transfer learning. Specifically, fine-tuning is a process that takes a model that has already been trained for one given task and then tunes or tweaks the model to make it perform a second similar task.Apr 5, 2019 · Fine-tuning doesn't need to imply a fine-tuner, but rather that there was a physical mechanism underlying why something appears finely-tuned today. The effect may look like an unlikely coincidence ... Mar 2, 2018 · 32. Finetuning means taking weights of a trained neural network and use it as initialization for a new model being trained on data from the same domain (often e.g. images). It is used to: speed up the training. overcome small dataset size. There are various strategies, such as training the whole initialized network or "freezing" some of the pre ... .

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