2024 Delta spark

Jul 13, 2023 · To use this Azure Databricks Delta Lake connector, you need to set up a cluster in Azure Databricks. To copy data to delta lake, Copy activity invokes Azure Databricks cluster to read data from an Azure Storage, which is either your original source or a staging area to where the service firstly writes the source data via built-in staged copy. . Q ctrl

Aug 30, 2023 · August 30, 2023 Delta Lake is the optimized storage layer that provides the foundation for storing data and tables in the Databricks Lakehouse Platform. Delta Lake is open source software that extends Parquet data files with a file-based transaction log for ACID transactions and scalable metadata handling. These will be used for configuring Spark. Delta Lake 0.7.0 or above. Apache Spark 3.0 or above. Apache Spark used must be built with Hadoop 3.2 or above. For example, a possible combination that will work is Delta 0.7.0 or above, along with Apache Spark 3.0 compiled and deployed with Hadoop 3.2.May 22, 2020 · The above Java program uses the Spark framework that reads employee data and saves the data in Delta Lake. To leverage delta lake features, the spark read format and write format has to be changed ... Dec 5, 2021 · Remove unused DELTA_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION config Remove the `DELTA_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION` internal config (`spark.databricks.delta.snapshotIsolation.enabled`), which was added as default-enabled to protect a then-new feature that stabilizes snapshots in Delta queries and transactions that scan the same table multiple times. Mar 10, 2022 · This might be infeasible, or atleast introduce a lot of overhead, if you want to build data applications like Streamlit apps or ML APIs ontop of the data in your Delta tables. This package tries to fix this, by providing a lightweight python wrapper around the delta file format, without any Spark dependencies. Installation. Install the package ... When Azure Databricks processes a micro-batch of data in a stream-static join, the latest valid version of data from the static Delta table joins with the records present in the current micro-batch. Because the join is stateless, you do not need to configure watermarking and can process results with low latency.Delta Lake is an open source storage layer that brings reliability to data lakes. Delta Lake provides ACID transactions, scalable metadata handling, and unifies streaming and batch data processing. Delta Lake runs on top of your existing data lake and is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs.Delta Lake is an open-source storage framework that enables building a Lakehouse architecture with compute engines including Spark, PrestoDB, Flink, Trino, and Hive and APIs for Scala, Java, Rust, Ruby, and Python. Get Started GitHub Releases Roadmap Open Community driven, rapidly expanding integration ecosystem Simple spark.databricks.delta.checkpoint.partSize = n is the limit at which we will start parallelizing the checkpoint. We will attempt to write maximum of this many actions per checkpoint. spark.databricks.delta.snapshotPartitions is the number of partitions to use for state reconstruction. Would you be able to offer me some guidance on how to set up ...conda-forge / packages / delta-spark 2.4.0. 2 Python APIs for using Delta Lake with Apache Spark. copied from cf-staging / delta-spark. Conda ...Quickstart Set up Apache Spark with Delta Lake Create a table Read data Update table data Read older versions of data using time travel Write a stream of data to a table Read a stream of changes from a table Table batch reads and writes Create a table Read a table Query an older snapshot of a table (time travel) Write to a table Schema validationThe connector recognizes Delta Lake tables created in the metastore by the Databricks runtime. If non-Delta Lake tables are present in the metastore as well, they are not visible to the connector. To configure access to S3 and S3-compatible storage, Azure storage, and others, consult the appropriate section of the Hive documentation: Amazon S3.spark.databricks.delta.autoOptimize.optimizeWrite true spark.databricks.delta.optimizeWrite.enabled true. We observe that Optimize Write effectively reduces the number of files written per partition and that Auto Compaction further compacts files if there are multiples by performing a light-weight OPTIMIZE command with maxFileSize of 128MB.Sep 15, 2020 · MLflow integrates really well with Delta Lake, and the auto logging feature (mlflow.spark.autolog() ) will tell you, which version of the table was used to run a set of experiments. # Run your ML workloads using Python and then DeltaTable.forName(spark, "feature_store").cloneAtVersion(128, "feature_store_bf2020") Data Migration Apr 5, 2021 · Delta merge logic whenMatchedDelete case. I'm working on the delta merge logic and wanted to delete a row on the delta table when the row gets deleted on the latest dataframe read. df = spark.createDataFrame ( [ ('Java', "20000"), # create your data here, be consistent in the types. ('PHP', '40000'), ('Scala', '50000'), ('Python', '10000 ... Aug 8, 2022 · Delta Lake is the first data lake protocol to enable identity columns for surrogate key generation. Delta Lake now supports creating IDENTITY columns that can automatically generate unique, auto-incrementing ID numbers when new rows are loaded. While these ID numbers may not be consecutive, Delta makes the best effort to keep the gap as small ... Aug 1, 2023 · Table streaming reads and writes. Delta Lake is deeply integrated with Spark Structured Streaming through readStream and writeStream.Delta Lake overcomes many of the limitations typically associated with streaming systems and files, including: Delta Lake also boasts the richest ecosystem of direct connectors such as Flink, Presto, and Trino, giving you the ability to read and write to Delta Lake directly from the most popular engines without Apache Spark. Thanks to the Delta Lake contributors from Scribd and Back Market, you can also use Delta Rust - a foundational Delta Lake library ...The Spark shell and spark-submit tool support two ways to load configurations dynamically. The first is command line options, such as --master, as shown above. spark-submit can accept any Spark property using the --conf/-c flag, but uses special flags for properties that play a part in launching the Spark application.It also shows how to use Delta Lake as a key enabler of the lakehouse, providing ACID transactions, time travel, schema constraints and more on top of the open Parquet format. Delta Lake enhances Apache Spark and makes it easy to store and manage massive amounts of complex data by supporting data integrity, data quality, and performance.Jun 8, 2023 · Delta Sharing extends the ability to share data stored with Delta Lake to other clients. Delta Lake is built on top of Parquet, and as such, Azure Databricks also has optimized readers and writers for interacting with Parquet files. Databricks recommends using Delta Lake for all tables that receive regular updates or queries from Azure Databricks. May 26, 2021 · Today, we’re launching a new open source project that simplifies cross-organization sharing: Delta Sharing, an open protocol for secure real-time exchange of large datasets, which enables secure data sharing across products for the first time. We’re developing Delta Sharing with partners at the top software and data providers in the world. Delta will only read 2 partitions where part_col == 5 and 8 from the target delta store instead of all partitions. part_col is a column that the target delta data is partitioned by. It need not be present in the source data. Delta sink optimization options. In Settings tab, you find three more options to optimize delta sink transformation.Delta Lake 1.0 or below to Delta Lake 1.1 or above. If the name of a partition column in a Delta table contains invalid characters (,;{}() \t=), you cannot read it in Delta Lake 1.1 and above, due to SPARK-36271.Delta Lake is the optimized storage layer that provides the foundation for storing data and tables in the Databricks Lakehouse Platform. Delta Lake is open source software that extends Parquet data files with a file-based transaction log for ACID transactions and scalable metadata handling. Delta Lake is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs ...May I know how to configure the max file size while creating delta tables via spark-sql? Steps to reproduce. lets say parquet_tbl is the input table in parquet. spark.sql("create table delta_tbl1 using delta location 'file:/tmp/delta/tbl1' partitioned by (VendorID) TBLPROPERTIES ('delta.targetFileSize'='10485760') as select * from parquet_tbl");Delta Lake is an open source storage layer that brings reliability to data lakes. Delta Lake provides ACID transactions, scalable metadata handling, and unifies streaming and batch data processing. Delta Lake runs on top of your existing data lake and is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs.Jul 10, 2023 · Retrieve Delta table history. You can retrieve information including the operations, user, and timestamp for each write to a Delta table by running the history command. The operations are returned in reverse chronological order. Table history retention is determined by the table setting delta.logRetentionDuration, which is 30 days by default. Apr 15, 2023 · An open-source storage framework that enables building a Lakehouse architecture with compute engines including Spark, PrestoDB, Flink, Trino, and Hive and APIs - [Feature Request] Support Spark 3.4 · Issue #1696 · delta-io/delta Jul 8, 2019 · Delta Lake on Databricks has some performance optimizations as a result of being part of the Databricks Runtime; we're aiming for full API compatibility in OSS Delta Lake (though for some things like metastore support that requires changes only coming in Spark 3.0). Delta Lake is the first data lake protocol to enable identity columns for surrogate key generation. Delta Lake now supports creating IDENTITY columns that can automatically generate unique, auto-incrementing ID numbers when new rows are loaded. While these ID numbers may not be consecutive, Delta makes the best effort to keep the gap as small ...You can also set delta.-prefixed properties during the first commit to a Delta table using Spark configurations.For example, to initialize a Delta table with the property delta.appendOnly=true, set the Spark configuration spark.databricks.delta.properties.defaults.appendOnly to true.Delta Lake is an open-source storage layer that enables building a data lakehouse on top of existing storage systems over cloud objects with additional features like ACID properties, schema enforcement, and time travel features enabled. Underlying data is stored in snappy parquet format along with delta logs.Aug 1, 2023 · Table streaming reads and writes. Delta Lake is deeply integrated with Spark Structured Streaming through readStream and writeStream.Delta Lake overcomes many of the limitations typically associated with streaming systems and files, including: This tutorial introduces common Delta Lake operations on Azure Databricks, including the following: Create a table. Upsert to a table. Read from a table. Display table history. Query an earlier version of a table. Optimize a table. Add a Z-order index. Vacuum unreferenced files.Create a service principal, create a client secret, and then grant the service principal access to the storage account. See Tutorial: Connect to Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 (Steps 1 through 3). After completing these steps, make sure to paste the tenant ID, app ID, and client secret values into a text file. You'll need those soon.Jul 21, 2023 · DELETE FROM. July 21, 2023. Applies to: Databricks SQL Databricks Runtime. Deletes the rows that match a predicate. When no predicate is provided, deletes all rows. This statement is only supported for Delta Lake tables. In this article: Syntax. Parameters. The above Java program uses the Spark framework that reads employee data and saves the data in Delta Lake. To leverage delta lake features, the spark read format and write format has to be changed ...The function configure_spark_with_delta_pip appends a config option in builder object.config("io.delta:delta-core_<scala_version>:<delta_version>") Share.MLflow integrates really well with Delta Lake, and the auto logging feature (mlflow.spark.autolog() ) will tell you, which version of the table was used to run a set of experiments. # Run your ML workloads using Python and then DeltaTable.forName(spark, "feature_store").cloneAtVersion(128, "feature_store_bf2020") Data MigrationYou can upsert data from a source table, view, or DataFrame into a target Delta table using the merge operation. This operation is similar to the SQL MERGE INTO command but has additional support for deletes and extra conditions in updates, inserts, and deletes. Suppose you have a Spark DataFrame that contains new data for events with eventId.Jun 29, 2021 · It looks like this is removed for python when combining delta-spark 0.8 with Spark 3.0+. Since you are currently running on a Spark 2.4 pool you are still getting the ... Delta Lake is an open-source storage framework that enables building a Lakehouse architecture with compute engines including Spark, PrestoDB, Flink, Trino, and Hive and APIs for Scala, Java, Rust, Ruby, and Python. Get Started GitHub Releases Roadmap Open Community driven, rapidly expanding integration ecosystem Simple May 25, 2023 · Released: May 25, 2023 Project description Delta Lake Delta Lake is an open source storage layer that brings reliability to data lakes. Delta Lake provides ACID transactions, scalable metadata handling, and unifies streaming and batch data processing. Delta Lake runs on top of your existing data lake and is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs. Jun 8, 2023 · Delta Sharing extends the ability to share data stored with Delta Lake to other clients. Delta Lake is built on top of Parquet, and as such, Azure Databricks also has optimized readers and writers for interacting with Parquet files. Databricks recommends using Delta Lake for all tables that receive regular updates or queries from Azure Databricks. Delta Lake. An open-source storage framework that enables building a Lakehouse architecture with compute engines including Spark, PrestoDB, Flink, Trino, and Hive and APIs. 385 followers. Wherever there is big data. https://delta.io. @deltalakeoss. @[email protected]. Aug 30, 2023 · August 30, 2023 Delta Lake is the optimized storage layer that provides the foundation for storing data and tables in the Databricks Lakehouse Platform. Delta Lake is open source software that extends Parquet data files with a file-based transaction log for ACID transactions and scalable metadata handling. To walk through this post, we use Delta Lake version 2.0.0, which is supported in Apache Spark 3.2.x. Choose the Delta Lake version compatible with your Spark version by visiting the Delta Lake releases page. We create an EMR cluster using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). We use Amazon EMR 6.7.0, which supports Spark version 3.2.1.May 26, 2021 · Today, we’re launching a new open source project that simplifies cross-organization sharing: Delta Sharing, an open protocol for secure real-time exchange of large datasets, which enables secure data sharing across products for the first time. We’re developing Delta Sharing with partners at the top software and data providers in the world. Z-Ordering is a technique to colocate related information in the same set of files. This co-locality is automatically used by Delta Lake in data-skipping algorithms. This behavior dramatically reduces the amount of data that Delta Lake on Apache Spark needs to read. To Z-Order data, you specify the columns to order on in the ZORDER BY clause ...You can upsert data from a source table, view, or DataFrame into a target Delta table using the merge operation. This operation is similar to the SQL MERGE INTO command but has additional support for deletes and extra conditions in updates, inserts, and deletes. Suppose you have a Spark DataFrame that contains new data for events with eventId.May 25, 2023 · Released: May 25, 2023 Project description Delta Lake Delta Lake is an open source storage layer that brings reliability to data lakes. Delta Lake provides ACID transactions, scalable metadata handling, and unifies streaming and batch data processing. Delta Lake runs on top of your existing data lake and is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs. The above Java program uses the Spark framework that reads employee data and saves the data in Delta Lake. To leverage delta lake features, the spark read format and write format has to be changed ...delta data format. Ranking. #5164 in MvnRepository ( See Top Artifacts) #12 in Data Formats. Used By. 76 artifacts. Central (44) Version. Scala. Aug 28, 2023 · Delta Live Tables infers the dependencies between these tables, ensuring updates occur in the correct order. For each dataset, Delta Live Tables compares the current state with the desired state and proceeds to create or update datasets using efficient processing methods. The settings of Delta Live Tables pipelines fall into two broad categories: Sep 15, 2020 · MLflow integrates really well with Delta Lake, and the auto logging feature (mlflow.spark.autolog() ) will tell you, which version of the table was used to run a set of experiments. # Run your ML workloads using Python and then DeltaTable.forName(spark, "feature_store").cloneAtVersion(128, "feature_store_bf2020") Data Migration Sep 5, 2023 · Connect to Databricks. To connect to Azure Databricks using the Delta Sharing connector, do the following: Open the shared credential file with a text editor to retrieve the endpoint URL and the token. Open Power BI Desktop. On the Get Data menu, search for Delta Sharing. Select the connector and click Connect. conda-forge / packages / delta-spark 2.4.0. 2 Python APIs for using Delta Lake with Apache Spark. copied from cf-staging / delta-spark. Conda ... Today, we’re launching a new open source project that simplifies cross-organization sharing: Delta Sharing, an open protocol for secure real-time exchange of large datasets, which enables secure data sharing across products for the first time. We’re developing Delta Sharing with partners at the top software and data providers in the world.Delta will only read 2 partitions where part_col == 5 and 8 from the target delta store instead of all partitions. part_col is a column that the target delta data is partitioned by. It need not be present in the source data. Delta sink optimization options. In Settings tab, you find three more options to optimize delta sink transformation.You can upsert data from a source table, view, or DataFrame into a target Delta table using the merge operation. This operation is similar to the SQL MERGE INTO command but has additional support for deletes and extra conditions in updates, inserts, and deletes. Suppose you have a Spark DataFrame that contains new data for events with eventId.Delta Lake. An open-source storage framework that enables building a Lakehouse architecture with compute engines including Spark, PrestoDB, Flink, Trino, and Hive and APIs. 385 followers. Wherever there is big data. https://delta.io. @deltalakeoss. @[email protected] 28, 2023 · Delta Live Tables infers the dependencies between these tables, ensuring updates occur in the correct order. For each dataset, Delta Live Tables compares the current state with the desired state and proceeds to create or update datasets using efficient processing methods. The settings of Delta Live Tables pipelines fall into two broad categories: Aug 1, 2023 · Table streaming reads and writes. Delta Lake is deeply integrated with Spark Structured Streaming through readStream and writeStream.Delta Lake overcomes many of the limitations typically associated with streaming systems and files, including: Delta Lake on Databricks has some performance optimizations as a result of being part of the Databricks Runtime; we're aiming for full API compatibility in OSS Delta Lake (though for some things like metastore support that requires changes only coming in Spark 3.0).Apr 21, 2023 · Benefits of Optimize Writes. It's available on Delta Lake tables for both Batch and Streaming write patterns. There's no need to change the spark.write command pattern. The feature is enabled by a configuration setting or a table property. If Delta files already exist you can directly run queries using Spark SQL on the directory of delta using the following syntax: SELECT * FROM delta. `/path/to/delta_directory` In most cases, you would want to create a table using delta files and operate on it using SQL. The notation is : CREATE TABLE USING DELTA LOCATIONspark.databricks.delta.properties.defaults.<conf>. For example, to set the delta.appendOnly = true property for all new Delta Lake tables created in a session, set the following: SQL. SET spark.databricks.delta.properties.defaults.appendOnly = true. To modify table properties of existing tables, use SET TBLPROPERTIES.Delta Lake is an open source storage layer that brings reliability to data lakes. Delta Lake provides ACID transactions, scalable metadata handling, and unifies streaming and batch data processing. Delta Lake runs on top of your existing data lake and is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs. Delta Lake key points:Jul 10, 2023 · Retrieve Delta table history. You can retrieve information including the operations, user, and timestamp for each write to a Delta table by running the history command. The operations are returned in reverse chronological order. Table history retention is determined by the table setting delta.logRetentionDuration, which is 30 days by default. Introduction. Delta Lake is an open source project that enables building a Lakehouse architecture on top of data lakes. Delta Lake provides ACID transactions, scalable metadata handling, and unifies streaming and batch data processing on top of existing data lakes, such as S3, ADLS, GCS, and HDFS. ACID transactions on Spark: Serializable ...Line # 1 — we import SparkSession class from the pyspark.sql module. Line # 2 — We specify the dependencies that are required for Spark to work e.g. to allow Spark to interact with AWS (S3 in our case), use Delta Lake core etc. Line # 3 — We instantiate SparkSession object which marks as an entry point to use Spark in our script.Benefits of Optimize Writes. It's available on Delta Lake tables for both Batch and Streaming write patterns. There's no need to change the spark.write command pattern. The feature is enabled by a configuration setting or a table property.Main class for programmatically interacting with Delta tables. You can create DeltaTable instances using the path of the Delta table.: deltaTable = DeltaTable.forPath(spark, "/path/to/table") In addition, you can convert an existing Parquet table in place into a Delta table.: To walk through this post, we use Delta Lake version 2.0.0, which is supported in Apache Spark 3.2.x. Choose the Delta Lake version compatible with your Spark version by visiting the Delta Lake releases page. We create an EMR cluster using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). We use Amazon EMR 6.7.0, which supports Spark version 3.2.1.Delta Lake 1.0 or below to Delta Lake 1.1 or above. If the name of a partition column in a Delta table contains invalid characters (,;{}() \t=), you cannot read it in Delta Lake 1.1 and above, due to SPARK-36271.Jul 10, 2023 · You can retrieve information including the operations, user, and timestamp for each write to a Delta table by running the history command. The operations are returned in reverse chronological order. Table history retention is determined by the table setting delta.logRetentionDuration, which is 30 days by default. Note. Connect to Databricks. To connect to Azure Databricks using the Delta Sharing connector, do the following: Open the shared credential file with a text editor to retrieve the endpoint URL and the token. Open Power BI Desktop. On the Get Data menu, search for Delta Sharing. Select the connector and click Connect.Today, we’re launching a new open source project that simplifies cross-organization sharing: Delta Sharing, an open protocol for secure real-time exchange of large datasets, which enables secure data sharing across products for the first time. We’re developing Delta Sharing with partners at the top software and data providers in the world.Dec 5, 2021 · Remove unused DELTA_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION config Remove the `DELTA_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION` internal config (`spark.databricks.delta.snapshotIsolation.enabled`), which was added as default-enabled to protect a then-new feature that stabilizes snapshots in Delta queries and transactions that scan the same table multiple times. You can check out an earlier post on the command used to create delta and parquet tables. Choose Between Delta vs Parquet. We have understood the differences between Delta and Parquet. We are now at the point where we need to choose between these formats. You have to decide based on your needs. There are several reasons why Delta is preferable:Delta Lake is the optimized storage layer that provides the foundation for storing data and tables in the Databricks Lakehouse Platform. Delta Lake is open source software that extends Parquet data files with a file-based transaction log for ACID transactions and scalable metadata handling. Delta Lake is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs ...Recently, i am encountering an issue in the databricks cluster where it could not accessing the delta table (unmanaged delta table) which parquet files are stored in the azure datalake gen2 storage account. The issue is it could not read/update from the…Create a service principal, create a client secret, and then grant the service principal access to the storage account. See Tutorial: Connect to Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 (Steps 1 through 3). After completing these steps, make sure to paste the tenant ID, app ID, and client secret values into a text file. You'll need those soon.

Jun 8, 2023 · Apache Spark DataFrames provide a rich set of functions (select columns, filter, join, aggregate) that allow you to solve common data analysis problems efficiently. Apache Spark DataFrames are an abstraction built on top of Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs). Spark DataFrames and Spark SQL use a unified planning and optimization engine ... . How to stop i

Main class for programmatically interacting with Delta tables. You can create DeltaTable instances using the path of the Delta table.: deltaTable = DeltaTable.forPath(spark, "/path/to/table") In addition, you can convert an existing Parquet table in place into a Delta table.:The Delta Standalone Reader (DSR) is a JVM library that allows you to read Delta Lake tables without the need to use Apache Spark; i.e. it can be used by any application that cannot run Spark. The motivation behind creating DSR is to enable better integrations with other systems such as Presto, Athena, Redshift Spectrum, Snowflake, and Apache ...The Delta Standalone Reader (DSR) is a JVM library that allows you to read Delta Lake tables without the need to use Apache Spark; i.e. it can be used by any application that cannot run Spark. The motivation behind creating DSR is to enable better integrations with other systems such as Presto, Athena, Redshift Spectrum, Snowflake, and Apache ...Aug 1, 2023 · Table streaming reads and writes. Delta Lake is deeply integrated with Spark Structured Streaming through readStream and writeStream.Delta Lake overcomes many of the limitations typically associated with streaming systems and files, including: Benefits of Optimize Writes. It's available on Delta Lake tables for both Batch and Streaming write patterns. There's no need to change the spark.write command pattern. The feature is enabled by a configuration setting or a table property.Learn more about how Delta Lake 1.0 supports Apache Spark 3.1 and enables a new set of features, including Generated Columns, Cloud Independence, Multi-cluster Transactions, and more. Also, get a preview of the Delta Lake 2021 2H Roadmap and what you can expect to see by the end of the year.Jul 21, 2023 · DELETE FROM. July 21, 2023. Applies to: Databricks SQL Databricks Runtime. Deletes the rows that match a predicate. When no predicate is provided, deletes all rows. This statement is only supported for Delta Lake tables. In this article: Syntax. Parameters. Delta Sharing extends the ability to share data stored with Delta Lake to other clients. Delta Lake is built on top of Parquet, and as such, Azure Databricks also has optimized readers and writers for interacting with Parquet files. Databricks recommends using Delta Lake for all tables that receive regular updates or queries from Azure Databricks.Delta Lake is an open-source storage layer that brings ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) transactions to Apache Spark and big data workloads. The current version of Delta Lake included with Azure Synapse has language support for Scala, PySpark, and .NET and is compatible with Linux Foundation Delta Lake.Delta Live Tables infers the dependencies between these tables, ensuring updates occur in the correct order. For each dataset, Delta Live Tables compares the current state with the desired state and proceeds to create or update datasets using efficient processing methods. The settings of Delta Live Tables pipelines fall into two broad categories:Here is how Change Data Feed (CDF) implementation helps resolve the above issues: Simplicity and convenience - Uses a common, easy-to-use pattern for identifying changes, making your code simple, convenient and easy to understand. Efficiency - The ability to only have the rows that have changed between versions, makes downstream consumption of ....

Popular Topics